. Download the source.
wget http://www.phpshield.com/loaders/phpshield.loaders.linux.zip
2. Extract it.
unzip phpshield.loaders.linux.zip
3. Find php.ini file.
php -i | grep php.ini
4. Add the following entries in php.ini file and save the file.
extension = “phpshield.5.2.lin”
extension_ts = “phpshield.5.2ts.lin”
5. Restart Apache service.
/etc/init.d/httpd restart
6. Check the module if it is installed.
php -i | grep phpSHIELD
| title CentOS (2.6.18-8.1.4.el5xen)root (hd0,0)kernel /xen.gz-2.6.18-8.1.4.el5module /vmlinuz-2.6.18-8.1.4.el5xen ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00module /initrd-2.6.18-8.1.4.el5xen.img |
| # uname -r2.6.18-8.1.4.el5xen |
| # xm listName ID Mem(MiB) VCPUs State Time(s)Domain-0 0 350 1 r—– 94.4 |
| What is the name of your virtual machine? <– vm01How much RAM should be allocated (in megabytes)? <– 256What would you like to use as the disk (path)? <– /vm/vm01.imgHow large would you like the disk (/vm/vm01.img) to be (in gigabytes)? <– 4Would you like to enable graphics support? (yes or no) <– no What is the install location? <– http://wftp.tu-chemnitz.de/pub/linux/centos/5.0/os/i386 |
| cat /etc/xen/vm01# Automatically generated xen config filename = “vm01?memory = “256?disk = [ ‘tap:aio:/vm/vm01.img,xvda,w’, ] vif = [ ‘mac=00:16:3e:13:e4:81, bridge=xenbr0?, ] uuid = “5aafecf1-dd66-401d-69cc-151c1cb8ac9e” bootloader=”/usr/bin/pygrub” vcpus=1 on_reboot = ‘restart’ |
ImageMagick includes a number of command-line utilities for manipulating images. Most of you are probably accustomed to editing images one at a time with a graphical user interface (GUI) with such programs as gimp or Photoshop. However, a GUI is not always convenient. Suppose you want to process an image dynamically from a web script or you want to apply the same operations to many images or repeat a specific operation at different times to the same or different image. For these types of operations, the command-line image processing utility is appropriate.
The ImageMagick command-line tools exit with a status of 0 if the command line arguments have a proper syntax and no problems are encountered. Expect a descriptive message and an exit status of 1 if any exception occurs such as improper syntax, a problem reading or writing an image, or any other problem that prevents the command from completing successfully.
In the paragraphs below, find a short description for each command-line tool. Click on the program name to get details about the program usage and a list of command-line options that alters how the program behaves. If you are just getting acquainted with ImageMagick, start with the convert program. Be sure to peruse Anthony Thyssen's tutorial on how to use ImageMagick utilities to convert, compose, or edit images from the command-line.
config_file_name => 'uu_default_config',
temp_dir => $ENV{'DOCUMENT_ROOT'} . '/temp/',
upload_dir => $ENV{'DOCUMENT_ROOT'} . '/uploads/avi/',
redirect_url => '/uploader_finished.php',
path_to_upload => '/uploads/avi/',
config_file_name => 'uu_default_config',
temp_dir => $ENV{'DOCUMENT_ROOT'} . '/myvideos/temp/',
upload_dir => $ENV{'DOCUMENT_ROOT'} . '/myvideos/uploads/avi/',
redirect_url => '/myvideos/uploader_finished.php',
path_to_upload => '/myvideos/uploads/avi/',
$path_to_upload_script = '/cgi-bin/uu_upload.pl';
$path_to_ini_status_script = '/cgi-bin/uu_ini_status.pl';
$path_to_upload_script = '/myvideos/cgi-bin/uu_upload.pl';
$path_to_ini_status_script = '/myvideos/cgi-bin/uu_ini_status.pl';
PROBLEMS AND DEBUGGING
VIDEO AND SOUND PROBLEMS
If you are having the following problems
1. Videos not showing
2. No sound
3. Missing thumbnail pictures
4. Any other video related problem
Debugging (recommended option)
- Open the file classes/config_inc.php
- Set the $log_encoder variable to yes.
- This will create a log file each time you upload a new video
- The log file will be located in the logs folder
Example : $log_encoder = "yes";
Mon 17 Jan 2005 12:15:08 PM PST, PST in this case is the current timezone./usr/share/zoneinfo here you will find a list of time zone regions. Choose the most appropriate region, if you live in Canada or the US this directory is the "America" directory.mv /etc/localtime /etc/localtime-old
ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Amsterdam /etc/localtime
/usr/bin/rdate -s time-a.nist.gov
/etc/sysconfig/clock file (e.g. "America/Los_Angeles")/sbin/hwclock --systohc
Error:
Client does not support authentication protocol requested by server; consider upgrading MySQL client
Fix:
Execute the following commands in MySQL prompt.
UPDATE mysql.user SET Password = OLD_PASSWORD(’new password’) WHERE host = ‘localhost’ AND User = ‘root’;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Issue:- named service is running in the server. But, domains are not resolving to any query.
Cause: If you find the following error in the log file, then it seems to be a bug in CentOS version 5 and cPanel version 11.
view localhost_resolver: received notify for zone ‘domain.com’: not authoritative
Fix:
1. Open the named configuration file /etc/named.conf
2. Search the following entries in external views
match-clients { localhost; };
match-destinations { localhost; };
3. Change them as follows:
match-clients { any; };
match-destinations { any; };
4. Restart named service.
If you get the following error while performing easyapache:
then execute the following command from shell prompt.
/scripts/realperlinstaller –force Curses::UI
Now you can perform easyapache without any issue.
OR
# /scripts/perlinstaller –force Acme::Spork
An application pool provides you with a way of isolating Web sites from each other even though they are being hosted on a common server.
Each application pool is given its own set of server resources.
The main advantage is, if a Web site crashes, it won’t effect sites in other application pools.
There are a few ways to tune Application Pool’s performance.
1. To do so, Start | IIS | website | Right click on Application Pool which you need to configure.
2. Click “Recycling” tab | Check the box “Recycle worker processes” and enter the value as 1740
3. Click “Performance” tab | Check the box “Shutdown worker processes after being idle for” under “Idle Timeout” section and enter the value as 20
Check the box “Limit the kernel request queue” under “Request kernel limit” section. The value is 4000.
4. Enter the value as 1 for “Maximum number of worker processes” under “Web garden” section
5. Click “Health” tab | Check the box “Enable pinging” | Enter the value as 20 for “ping worker process every”
Check the box “Enable rapid-fail protection” | Enter the value as 5 for “Failures” and “Time period”
Set the value as 90 for “Worker process must startup within” under the section “Startup time limit”
Set the value as 90 for “Worker process must shutdown within” under the section “Shutdown time limit”
To shutdown the system at a particular time
# shutdown -h hours:minutes &
To find the files with an extension .html,
# locate *.html
To list the files having SUID configured in the system, use the command:
# find / -perm -u+s
MySQL – Intro
Pronounced “my ess cue el” (each letter separately).
MySQL is an open-source high-performance, multi-threaded, multi-user relational database management system (RDBMS) built around a client- server architecture.
It was designed specifically for speed and stability and has become one of the most popular RDBMS for database-driven Web application.
Information is stored in “Tables” which can be thought of as the equivalent of Excel spreadsheets. A single MySQL database can contain many tables at once and store thousands of individual records. It’s fast, reliable and flexible.
MySQL Variables
max_connections
MySQL is multi-threaded, so there may be many clients issuing queries to a single table simultaneously.
The number of simultaneous client connections allowed. By default, this is 100.
max_user_connections
The maximum number of simultaneous connections allowed to any given MySQL account. A value of 0 means “no limit”.
key_buffer_size
key_buffer_size is the size of the buffer used for index blocks. The key buffer is also known as the key cache.
myisam_sort_buffer_size
The size of the buffer that is allocated when sorting MyISAM indexes during a REPAIR TABLE or when creating indexes with CREATE INDEX or ALTER TABLE.
join_buffer_size
The size of the buffer that is used for joins that do not use indexes and thus perform full table scans. Normally, the best way to get fast joins is to add indexes.
Increase the value of join_buffer_size to get a faster full join when adding indexes is not possible.
One join buffer is allocated for each full join between two tables.
read_buffer_size
Each request that performs a sequential scan of a table allocates a read buffer.
sort_buffer_size
Each thread that needs to do a sort allocates a buffer of this size. Increase this value for faster ORDER BY or GROUP BY operations.
table_cache
The number of open tables for all threads. Increasing this value increases the number of file descriptors that mysqld requires.
thread_cache_size
How many threads the server should cache for reuse. When a client disconnects, the client’s threads are put in the cache if there are fewer than thread_cache_size threads there.
Requests for threads are satisfied by reusing threads taken from the cache if possible, and only when the cache is empty is a new thread created.
Increasing the value to improve performance if we have a lot of new connections.
wait_timeout
The number of seconds the server waits for activity on a non-interactive connection before closing it.
This timeout applies only to TCP/IP and Unix socket file connections, not to connections made via named pipes, or shared memory.
connect_timeout
The number of seconds that the mysqld server waits for a connect packet before responding with Bad handshake.
max_allowed_packet
The maximum size of one packet or any generated/intermediate string.
max_connect_errors
If there are more than this number of interrupted connections from a host, that host is blocked from further connections.
You can unblock blocked hosts with the FLUSH HOSTS statement.
query_cache_limit
Don’t cache results that are larger than this number of bytes. The default value is 1MB.
query_cache_size
The amount of memory allocated for caching query results. The default value is 0, which disables the query cache.
The allowable values are multiples of 1024; other values are rounded down to the nearest multiple.
open_files_limit
The number of files that the operating system allows mysqld to open.
Sample values for optimizing MySQL
[mysqld]
max_connections = 400
key_buffer = 128M (128MB for every 1GB of RAM)
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M
join_buffer_size = 2M
read_buffer_size = 2M (1MB for every 1GB of RAM)
sort_buffer_size = 3M (1MB for every 1GB of RAM)
table_cache = 1024
thread_cache_size = 286
interactive_timeout = 25
wait_timeout = 1800
connect_timeout = 10
max_allowed_packet = 16M
max_connect_errors = 10
query_cache_limit = 1M
query_cache_size = 16M (32MB for every 1GB of RAM)
query_cache_type = 1
tmp_table_size = 16M
thread_concurrency=2 (Number of CPUs x 2)
[mysqld_safe]
open_files_limit = 8192
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[myisamchk]
key_buffer = 64M
sort_buffer = 64M
read_buffer = 16M
write_buffer = 16M
If you find the errors in Apache error logs as follows:
No space left on device: Couldn’t create accept lock [or]
No space left on device: mod_rewrite: could not create rewrite_log_lock Configuration Failed
Then, execute the following commands. It’ll fix this issue.
ipcs -s | grep nobody
for i in `ipcs -s | grep nobody | awk ‘{print $2}’`; do ipcrm -s $i; done
The above errors will occur if the Apache user occupies a great number of semaphores.
Error from domain’s error log:
mod_security: Access denied with code 403. Error reading request body, error code 70007: The timeout specified has expired
Fix:
1. Open Apache configuration file
It should be either /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf or /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf.
2. Navigate to Timeout
3. Set this value to 300
4. Restart Apache service.
cd /usr/local/apache/domlogs
for i in `du -sch * | grep G`; do :> $i; done
for i in `du -sch * | grep [0-9][0-9][0-9]M`; do :> $i; done
for i in `du -sch * | grep [0-9][0-9]M`; do :> $i; done
for i in `du -sch * | grep [0-9]M`; do :> $i; done
/etc/init.d/httpd restart
I've recently upgraded Apache and PHP on my VPS, and one of the unpleasant surprises was that some scripts which tried including pages from remote sites (I know, not the most secure approach, but there were reasons for that) got broken.
Traditionally, all the websites Google finds suggest that you double-check that your php.ini config has the allow_url_fopen enabled:
allow_url_fopen = On
Well, in my case it was enabled, but scripts were still broken. The really weird thing was that the upgrade procedure didn't include changing the php.ini in any way, so it was fully working before and I kind of expected it to continue working.
After some quick research, I've found out that PHP 5.1 introduced a new security option to accompany the allow_url_fope, and this was exactly the option which broke my scripts:
allow_url_include = On
There you have it, hope it helps you next time you come across this problem!
cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md0 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdb1[1]
1052160 blocks [2/2] [UU]cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md2 : active raid1 sdb2[1]
8385856 blocks [2/1] [_U]sfdisk -d /dev/sdb > part.sdbsfdisk –-force /dev/sda < part.sdb will copy the partition table to this new sda disk saving the time.
In the previous article we reviewed how to backup local unix host using rsnapshot utility.
In this article, let us review how to backup remote Linux host using this utility.
As we’ve explained earlier setup the key based authentication as explained either in ssh-keygen and ssh-copy-id article or openSSH article.
[root@local-host]# ssh-keygen
[root@local-host]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub remote-host
Login to the remote-host from local-host without entering the password.
[root@local-host]# ssh remote-host
Last login: Sun Mar 15 16:45:40 2009 from local-host
[root@remote-host]#
Define your remote-host destination backup directories in /etc/rsnapshot.conf as shown below. In this example,
# vi /etc/rsnapshot.conf
backup root@remote-host:/etc/ remote-host-backup/ exclude=mtab,exclude=core
Perform configuration test to make sure rsnapshot is setup properly and ready to perform Linux rsync backup.
# rsnapshot configtest
Syntax OK
Once you’ve verified that the rsync hourly and daily backup configurations are setup properly in the rsnapshot cwrsync utility, it is time to set this puppy up in the crontab as shown below.
# crontab -e
0 */4 * * * /usr/local/bin/rsnapshot hourly
30 23 * * * /usr/local/bin/rsnapshot daily
Check out Linux crontab examples article to understand how to setup and configure crontab.
[root@local-host]# /usr/local/bin/rsnapshot hourly
[root@local-host]# ls -l /.snapshots/hourly.0/
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 22 04:19 remote-host-backup
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 13 05:07 localhost
[root@local-host]# ls -l /.snapshots/hourly.0/remote-host-backup/
total 4
drwxr-xr-x 93 root root 4096 Jul 22 03:36 etc
Problem: rsnapshot failed with ERROR: /usr/bin/rsync returned 20 as shown below.
[root@local-host]# /usr/local/bin/rsnapshot hourly
rsync error: received SIGINT, SIGTERM, or SIGHUP (code 20) at rsync.c(260)
[receiver=2.6.8]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
rsnapshot encountered an error! The program was invoked with these options:
/usr/local/bin/rsnapshot hourly
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
ERROR: /usr/bin/rsync returned 20 while processing copyman@192.168.2.2:/etc/
Solution: This typically happens when the users who is performing the rsnapshot (rsync) doesn’t have access to the remote directory that you are trying to backup. Make sure the remote host backup directory has appropriate permission for the user who is trying to execute the rsnapshot.